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=head1 NAME

XML::LibXML::Element - XML::LibXML Class for Element Nodes

=head1 SYNOPSIS

use XML::LibXML;
  # Only methods specific to Element nodes are listed here,
  # see XML::LibXML::Node manpage for other methods

$node = XML::LibXML::Element->new( $name );
  $node->setAttribute( $aname, $avalue );
  $node->setAttributeNS( $nsURI, $aname, $avalue );
  $avalue = $node->getAttribute( $aname );
  $avalue = $node->getAttributeNS( $nsURI, $aname );
  $attrnode = $node->getAttributeNode( $aname );
  $attrnode = $node->getAttributeNodeNS( $namespaceURI, $aname );
  $node->removeAttribute( $aname );
  $node->removeAttributeNS( $nsURI, $aname );
  $boolean = $node->hasAttribute( $aname );
  $boolean = $node->hasAttributeNS( $nsURI, $aname );
  @nodes = $node->getChildrenByTagName($tagname);
  @nodes = $node->getChildrenByTagNameNS($nsURI,$tagname);
  @nodes = $node->getChildrenByLocalName($localname);
  @nodes = $node->getElementsByTagName($tagname);
  @nodes = $node->getElementsByTagNameNS($nsURI,$localname);
  @nodes = $node->getElementsByLocalName($localname);
  $node->appendWellBalancedChunk( $chunk );
  $node->appendText( $PCDATA );
  $node->appendTextNode( $PCDATA );
  $node->appendTextChild( $childname , $PCDATA );
  $node->setNamespace( $nsURI , $nsPrefix, $activate );
  $node->setNamespaceDeclURI( $nsPrefix, $newURI );
  $node->setNamespaceDeclPrefix( $oldPrefix, $newPrefix );

=head1 METHODS

The class inherits from L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::Node >>>>>>. The documentation for Inherited methods is not listed here.

Many functions listed here are extensively documented in the DOM Level 3 specification (L<<<<<< http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/ >>>>>>). Please refer to the specification for extensive documentation.

=over 4

=item new

$node = XML::LibXML::Element->new( $name );

This function creates a new node unbound to any DOM.

=item setAttribute

$node->setAttribute( $aname, $avalue );

This method sets or replaces the node's attribute C<<<<<< $aname >>>>>> to the value C<<<<<< $avalue >>>>>>

=item setAttributeNS

$node->setAttributeNS( $nsURI, $aname, $avalue );

Namespace-aware version of C<<<<<< setAttribute >>>>>>, where C<<<<<< $nsURI >>>>>> is a namespace URI, C<<<<<< $aname >>>>>> is a qualified name, and C<<<<<< $avalue >>>>>> is the value. The namespace URI may be null (empty or undefined) in order to
create an attribute which has no namespace.

The current implementation differs from DOM in the following aspects

If an attribute with the same local name and namespace URI already exists on
the element, but its prefix differs from the prefix of C<<<<<< $aname >>>>>>, then this function is supposed to change the prefix (regardless of namespace
declarations and possible collisions). However, the current implementation does
rather the opposite. If a prefix is declared for the namespace URI in the scope
of the attribute, then the already declared prefix is used, disregarding the
prefix specified in C<<<<<< $aname >>>>>>. If no prefix is declared for the namespace, the function tries to declare the
prefix specified in C<<<<<< $aname >>>>>> and dies if the prefix is already taken by some other namespace.

According to DOM Level 2 specification, this method can also be used to create
or modify special attributes used for declaring XML namespaces (which belong to
the namespace "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/" and have prefix or name "xmlns").
This should work since version 1.61, but again the implementation differs from
DOM specification in the following: if a declaration of the same namespace
prefix already exists on the element, then changing its value via this method
automatically changes the namespace of all elements and attributes in its
scope. This is because in libxml2 the namespace URI of an element is not static
but is computed from a pointer to a namespace declaration attribute.

=item getAttribute

$avalue = $node->getAttribute( $aname );

If C<<<<<< $node >>>>>> has an attribute with the name C<<<<<< $aname >>>>>>, the value of this attribute will get returned.

=item getAttributeNS

$avalue = $node->getAttributeNS( $nsURI, $aname );

Retrieves an attribute value by local name and namespace URI.

=item getAttributeNode

$attrnode = $node->getAttributeNode( $aname );

Retrieve an attribute node by name. If no attribute with a given name exists, C<<<<<< undef >>>>>> is returned.

=item getAttributeNodeNS

$attrnode = $node->getAttributeNodeNS( $namespaceURI, $aname );

Retrieves an attribute node by local name and namespace URI. If no attribute
with a given localname and namespace exists, C<<<<<< undef >>>>>> is returned.

=item removeAttribute

$node->removeAttribute( $aname );

The method removes the attribute C<<<<<< $aname >>>>>> from the node's attribute list, if the attribute can be found.

=item removeAttributeNS

$node->removeAttributeNS( $nsURI, $aname );

Namespace version of C<<<<<< removeAttribute >>>>>>

=item hasAttribute

$boolean = $node->hasAttribute( $aname );

This function tests if the named attribute is set for the node. If the
attribute is specified, TRUE (1) will be returned, otherwise the return value
is FALSE (0).

=item hasAttributeNS

$boolean = $node->hasAttributeNS( $nsURI, $aname );

namespace version of C<<<<<< hasAttribute >>>>>>

=item getChildrenByTagName

@nodes = $node->getChildrenByTagName($tagname);

The function gives direct access to all child elements of the current node with
a given tagname, where tagname is a qualified name, that is, in case of
namespace usage it may consist of a prefix and local name. This function makes
things a lot easier if one needs to handle big data sets. A special tagname '*'
can be used to match any name.

If this function is called in SCALAR context, it returns the number of elements
found.

=item getChildrenByTagNameNS

@nodes = $node->getChildrenByTagNameNS($nsURI,$tagname);

Namespace version of C<<<<<< getChildrenByTagName >>>>>>. A special nsURI '*' matches any namespace URI, in which case the function
behaves just like C<<<<<< getChildrenByLocalName >>>>>>.

If this function is called in SCALAR context, it returns the number of elements
found.

=item getChildrenByLocalName

@nodes = $node->getChildrenByLocalName($localname);

The function gives direct access to all child elements of the current node with
a given local name. It makes things a lot easier if one needs to handle big
data sets. A special C<<<<<< localname >>>>>> '*' can be used to match any local name.

If this function is called in SCALAR context, it returns the number of elements
found.

=item getElementsByTagName

@nodes = $node->getElementsByTagName($tagname);

This function is part of the spec. It fetches all descendants of a node with a
given tagname, where C<<<<<< tagname >>>>>> is a qualified name, that is, in case of namespace usage it may consist of a
prefix and local name. A special C<<<<<< tagname >>>>>> '*' can be used to match any tag name.

In SCALAR context this function returns an L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::NodeList >>>>>> object.

=item getElementsByTagNameNS

@nodes = $node->getElementsByTagNameNS($nsURI,$localname);

Namespace version of C<<<<<< getElementsByTagName >>>>>> as found in the DOM spec. A special C<<<<<< localname >>>>>> '*' can be used to match any local name and C<<<<<< nsURI >>>>>> '*' can be used to match any namespace URI.

In SCALAR context this function returns an L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::NodeList >>>>>> object.

=item getElementsByLocalName

@nodes = $node->getElementsByLocalName($localname);

This function is not found in the DOM specification. It is a mix of
getElementsByTagName and getElementsByTagNameNS. It will fetch all tags
matching the given local-name. This allows one to select tags with the same
local name across namespace borders.

In SCALAR context this function returns an L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::NodeList >>>>>> object.

=item appendWellBalancedChunk

$node->appendWellBalancedChunk( $chunk );

Sometimes it is necessary to append a string coded XML Tree to a node. I<<<<<< appendWellBalancedChunk >>>>>> will do the trick for you. But this is only done if the String is C<<<<<< well-balanced >>>>>>.

I<<<<<< Note that appendWellBalancedChunk() is only left for compatibility reasons >>>>>>. Implicitly it uses

my $fragment = $parser->parse_balanced_chunk( $chunk );
   $node->appendChild( $fragment );

This form is more explicit and makes it easier to control the flow of a script.

=item appendText

$node->appendText( $PCDATA );

alias for appendTextNode().

=item appendTextNode

$node->appendTextNode( $PCDATA );

This wrapper function lets you add a string directly to an element node.

=item appendTextChild

$node->appendTextChild( $childname , $PCDATA );

Somewhat similar with C<<<<<< appendTextNode >>>>>>: It lets you set an Element, that contains only a C<<<<<< text node >>>>>> directly by specifying the name and the text content.

=item setNamespace

$node->setNamespace( $nsURI , $nsPrefix, $activate );

setNamespace() allows one to apply a namespace to an element. The function
takes three parameters: 1. the namespace URI, which is required and the two
optional values prefix, which is the namespace prefix, as it should be used in
child elements or attributes as well as the additional activate parameter. If
prefix is not given, undefined or empty, this function tries to create a
declaration of the default namespace.

The activate parameter is most useful: If this parameter is set to FALSE (0), a
new namespace declaration is simply added to the element while the element's
namespace itself is not altered. Nevertheless, activate is set to TRUE (1) on
default. In this case the namespace is used as the node's effective namespace.
This means the namespace prefix is added to the node name and if there was a
namespace already active for the node, it will be replaced (but its declaration
is not removed from the document). A new namespace declaration is only created
if necessary (that is, if the element is already in the scope of a namespace
declaration associating the prefix with the namespace URI, then this
declaration is reused).

The following example may clarify this:

my $e1 = $doc->createElement("bar");
   $e1->setNamespace("http://foobar.org", "foo")

results

<foo:bar xmlns:foo="http://foobar.org"/>

while

my $e2 = $doc->createElement("bar");
   $e2->setNamespace("http://foobar.org", "foo",0)

results only

By using $activate == 0 it is possible to create multiple namespace
declarations on a single element.

The function fails if it is required to create a declaration associating the
prefix with the namespace URI but the element already carries a declaration
with the same prefix but different namespace URI.

=item setNamespaceDeclURI

$node->setNamespaceDeclURI( $nsPrefix, $newURI );

EXPERIMENTAL IN 1.61 !

This function manipulates directly with an existing namespace declaration on an
element. It takes two parameters: the prefix by which it looks up the namespace
declaration and a new namespace URI which replaces its previous value.

It returns 1 if the namespace declaration was found and changed, 0 otherwise.

All elements and attributes (even those previously unbound from the document)
for which the namespace declaration determines their namespace belong to the
new namespace after the change.

If the new URI is undef or empty, the nodes have no namespace and no prefix
after the change. Namespace declarations once nulled in this way do not further
appear in the serialized output (but do remain in the document for internal
integrity of libxml2 data structures).

This function is NOT part of any DOM API.

=item setNamespaceDeclPrefix

$node->setNamespaceDeclPrefix( $oldPrefix, $newPrefix );

EXPERIMENTAL IN 1.61 !

This function manipulates directly with an existing namespace declaration on an
element. It takes two parameters: the old prefix by which it looks up the
namespace declaration and a new prefix which is to replace the old one.

The function dies with an error if the element is in the scope of another
declaration whose prefix equals to the new prefix, or if the change should
result in a declaration with a non-empty prefix but empty namespace URI.
Otherwise, it returns 1 if the namespace declaration was found and changed and
0 if not found.

All elements and attributes (even those previously unbound from the document)
for which the namespace declaration determines their namespace change their
prefix to the new value.

If the new prefix is undef or empty, the namespace declaration becomes a
declaration of a default namespace. The corresponding nodes drop their
namespace prefix (but remain in the, now default, namespace). In this case the
function fails, if the containing element is in the scope of another default
namespace declaration.

This function is NOT part of any DOM API.

=back

=head1 OVERLOADING

XML::LibXML::Element overloads hash dereferencing to provide access to the
element's attributes. For non-namespaced attributes, the attribute name is the
hash key, and the attribute value is the hash value. For namespaced attributes,
the hash key is qualified with the namespace URI, using Clark notation.

Perl's "tied hash" feature is used, which means that the hash gives you
read-write access to the element's attributes. For more information, see L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::AttributeHash >>>>>>

=head1 AUTHORS

Matt Sergeant,
Christian Glahn,
Petr Pajas

=head1 VERSION

2.0018

=head1 COPYRIGHT

2001-2007, AxKit.com Ltd.

2002-2006, Christian Glahn.

2006-2009, Petr Pajas.

=cut