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:mod:`email.errors`: Exception and Defect classes ------------------------------------------------- .. module:: email.errors :synopsis: The exception classes used by the email package. The following exception classes are defined in the :mod:`email.errors` module: .. exception:: MessageError() This is the base class for all exceptions that the :mod:`email` package can raise. It is derived from the standard :exc:`Exception` class and defines no additional methods. .. exception:: MessageParseError() This is the base class for exceptions raised by the :class:`~email.parser.Parser` class. It is derived from :exc:`MessageError`. .. exception:: HeaderParseError() Raised under some error conditions when parsing the :rfc:`2822` headers of a message, this class is derived from :exc:`MessageParseError`. It can be raised from the :meth:`Parser.parse` or :meth:`Parser.parsestr` methods. Situations where it can be raised include finding an envelope header after the first :rfc:`2822` header of the message, finding a continuation line before the first :rfc:`2822` header is found, or finding a line in the headers which is neither a header or a continuation line. .. exception:: BoundaryError() Raised under some error conditions when parsing the :rfc:`2822` headers of a message, this class is derived from :exc:`MessageParseError`. It can be raised from the :meth:`Parser.parse` or :meth:`Parser.parsestr` methods. Situations where it can be raised include not being able to find the starting or terminating boundary in a :mimetype:`multipart/\*` message when strict parsing is used. .. exception:: MultipartConversionError() Raised when a payload is added to a :class:`Message` object using :meth:`add_payload`, but the payload is already a scalar and the message's :mailheader:`Content-Type` main type is not either :mimetype:`multipart` or missing. :exc:`MultipartConversionError` multiply inherits from :exc:`MessageError` and the built-in :exc:`TypeError`. Since :meth:`Message.add_payload` is deprecated, this exception is rarely raised in practice. However the exception may also be raised if the :meth:`attach` method is called on an instance of a class derived from :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` (e.g. :class:`~email.mime.image.MIMEImage`). Here's the list of the defects that the :class:`~email.mime.parser.FeedParser` can find while parsing messages. Note that the defects are added to the message where the problem was found, so for example, if a message nested inside a :mimetype:`multipart/alternative` had a malformed header, that nested message object would have a defect, but the containing messages would not. All defect classes are subclassed from :class:`email.errors.MessageDefect`, but this class is *not* an exception! .. versionadded:: 2.4 All the defect classes were added. * :class:`NoBoundaryInMultipartDefect` -- A message claimed to be a multipart, but had no :mimetype:`boundary` parameter. * :class:`StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect` -- The start boundary claimed in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header was never found. * :class:`FirstHeaderLineIsContinuationDefect` -- The message had a continuation line as its first header line. * :class:`MisplacedEnvelopeHeaderDefect` - A "Unix From" header was found in the middle of a header block. * :class:`MalformedHeaderDefect` -- A header was found that was missing a colon, or was otherwise malformed. * :class:`MultipartInvariantViolationDefect` -- A message claimed to be a :mimetype:`multipart`, but no subparts were found. Note that when a message has this defect, its :meth:`is_multipart` method may return false even though its content type claims to be :mimetype:`multipart`.