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:mod:`gzip` --- Support for :program:`gzip` files ================================================= .. module:: gzip :synopsis: Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects. **Source code:** :source:`Lib/gzip.py` -------------- This module provides a simple interface to compress and decompress files just like the GNU programs :program:`gzip` and :program:`gunzip` would. The data compression is provided by the :mod:`zlib` module. The :mod:`gzip` module provides the :class:`GzipFile` class which is modeled after Python's File Object. The :class:`GzipFile` class reads and writes :program:`gzip`\ -format files, automatically compressing or decompressing the data so that it looks like an ordinary file object. Note that additional file formats which can be decompressed by the :program:`gzip` and :program:`gunzip` programs, such as those produced by :program:`compress` and :program:`pack`, are not supported by this module. The module defines the following items: .. class:: GzipFile([filename[, mode[, compresslevel[, fileobj[, mtime]]]]]) Constructor for the :class:`GzipFile` class, which simulates most of the methods of a file object, with the exception of the :meth:`readinto` and :meth:`truncate` methods. At least one of *fileobj* and *filename* must be given a non-trivial value. The new class instance is based on *fileobj*, which can be a regular file, a :class:`StringIO` object, or any other object which simulates a file. It defaults to ``None``, in which case *filename* is opened to provide a file object. When *fileobj* is not ``None``, the *filename* argument is only used to be included in the :program:`gzip` file header, which may includes the original filename of the uncompressed file. It defaults to the filename of *fileobj*, if discernible; otherwise, it defaults to the empty string, and in this case the original filename is not included in the header. The *mode* argument can be any of ``'r'``, ``'rb'``, ``'a'``, ``'ab'``, ``'w'``, or ``'wb'``, depending on whether the file will be read or written. The default is the mode of *fileobj* if discernible; otherwise, the default is ``'rb'``. If not given, the 'b' flag will be added to the mode to ensure the file is opened in binary mode for cross-platform portability. The *compresslevel* argument is an integer from ``0`` to ``9`` controlling the level of compression; ``1`` is fastest and produces the least compression, and ``9`` is slowest and produces the most compression. ``0`` is no compression. The default is ``9``. The *mtime* argument is an optional numeric timestamp to be written to the stream when compressing. All :program:`gzip` compressed streams are required to contain a timestamp. If omitted or ``None``, the current time is used. This module ignores the timestamp when decompressing; however, some programs, such as :program:`gunzip`\ , make use of it. The format of the timestamp is the same as that of the return value of ``time.time()`` and of the ``st_mtime`` attribute of the object returned by ``os.stat()``. Calling a :class:`GzipFile` object's :meth:`close` method does not close *fileobj*, since you might wish to append more material after the compressed data. This also allows you to pass a :class:`StringIO` object opened for writing as *fileobj*, and retrieve the resulting memory buffer using the :class:`StringIO` object's :meth:`getvalue` method. :class:`GzipFile` supports iteration and the :keyword:`with` statement. .. versionchanged:: 2.7 Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added. .. versionchanged:: 2.7 Support for zero-padded files was added. .. function:: open(filename[, mode[, compresslevel]]) This is a shorthand for ``GzipFile(filename,`` ``mode,`` ``compresslevel)``. The *filename* argument is required; *mode* defaults to ``'rb'`` and *compresslevel* defaults to ``9``. .. _gzip-usage-examples: Examples of usage ----------------- Example of how to read a compressed file:: import gzip f = gzip.open('file.txt.gz', 'rb') file_content = f.read() f.close() Example of how to create a compressed GZIP file:: import gzip content = "Lots of content here" f = gzip.open('file.txt.gz', 'wb') f.write(content) f.close() Example of how to GZIP compress an existing file:: import gzip f_in = open('file.txt', 'rb') f_out = gzip.open('file.txt.gz', 'wb') f_out.writelines(f_in) f_out.close() f_in.close() .. seealso:: Module :mod:`zlib` The basic data compression module needed to support the :program:`gzip` file format.