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:mod:`readline` --- GNU readline interface ========================================== .. module:: readline :platform: Unix :synopsis: GNU readline support for Python. .. sectionauthor:: Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com> The :mod:`readline` module defines a number of functions to facilitate completion and reading/writing of history files from the Python interpreter. This module can be used directly or via the :mod:`rlcompleter` module. Settings made using this module affect the behaviour of both the interpreter's interactive prompt and the prompts offered by the :func:`raw_input` and :func:`input` built-in functions. .. note:: On MacOS X the :mod:`readline` module can be implemented using the ``libedit`` library instead of GNU readline. The configuration file for ``libedit`` is different from that of GNU readline. If you programmatically load configuration strings you can check for the text "libedit" in :const:`readline.__doc__` to differentiate between GNU readline and libedit. The :mod:`readline` module defines the following functions: .. function:: parse_and_bind(string) Parse and execute single line of a readline init file. .. function:: get_line_buffer() Return the current contents of the line buffer. .. function:: insert_text(string) Insert text into the command line. .. function:: read_init_file([filename]) Parse a readline initialization file. The default filename is the last filename used. .. function:: read_history_file([filename]) Load a readline history file. The default filename is :file:`~/.history`. .. function:: write_history_file([filename]) Save a readline history file. The default filename is :file:`~/.history`. .. function:: clear_history() Clear the current history. (Note: this function is not available if the installed version of GNU readline doesn't support it.) .. versionadded:: 2.4 .. function:: get_history_length() Return the desired length of the history file. Negative values imply unlimited history file size. .. function:: set_history_length(length) Set the number of lines to save in the history file. :func:`write_history_file` uses this value to truncate the history file when saving. Negative values imply unlimited history file size. .. function:: get_current_history_length() Return the number of lines currently in the history. (This is different from :func:`get_history_length`, which returns the maximum number of lines that will be written to a history file.) .. versionadded:: 2.3 .. function:: get_history_item(index) Return the current contents of history item at *index*. .. versionadded:: 2.3 .. function:: remove_history_item(pos) Remove history item specified by its position from the history. .. versionadded:: 2.4 .. function:: replace_history_item(pos, line) Replace history item specified by its position with the given line. .. versionadded:: 2.4 .. function:: redisplay() Change what's displayed on the screen to reflect the current contents of the line buffer. .. versionadded:: 2.3 .. function:: set_startup_hook([function]) Set or remove the startup_hook function. If *function* is specified, it will be used as the new startup_hook function; if omitted or ``None``, any hook function already installed is removed. The startup_hook function is called with no arguments just before readline prints the first prompt. .. function:: set_pre_input_hook([function]) Set or remove the pre_input_hook function. If *function* is specified, it will be used as the new pre_input_hook function; if omitted or ``None``, any hook function already installed is removed. The pre_input_hook function is called with no arguments after the first prompt has been printed and just before readline starts reading input characters. .. function:: set_completer([function]) Set or remove the completer function. If *function* is specified, it will be used as the new completer function; if omitted or ``None``, any completer function already installed is removed. The completer function is called as ``function(text, state)``, for *state* in ``0``, ``1``, ``2``, ..., until it returns a non-string value. It should return the next possible completion starting with *text*. .. function:: get_completer() Get the completer function, or ``None`` if no completer function has been set. .. versionadded:: 2.3 .. function:: get_completion_type() Get the type of completion being attempted. .. versionadded:: 2.6 .. function:: get_begidx() Get the beginning index of the readline tab-completion scope. .. function:: get_endidx() Get the ending index of the readline tab-completion scope. .. function:: set_completer_delims(string) Set the readline word delimiters for tab-completion. .. function:: get_completer_delims() Get the readline word delimiters for tab-completion. .. function:: set_completion_display_matches_hook([function]) Set or remove the completion display function. If *function* is specified, it will be used as the new completion display function; if omitted or ``None``, any completion display function already installed is removed. The completion display function is called as ``function(substitution, [matches], longest_match_length)`` once each time matches need to be displayed. .. versionadded:: 2.6 .. function:: add_history(line) Append a line to the history buffer, as if it was the last line typed. .. seealso:: Module :mod:`rlcompleter` Completion of Python identifiers at the interactive prompt. .. _readline-example: Example ------- The following example demonstrates how to use the :mod:`readline` module's history reading and writing functions to automatically load and save a history file named :file:`.pyhist` from the user's home directory. The code below would normally be executed automatically during interactive sessions from the user's :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` file. :: import os import readline histfile = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), ".pyhist") try: readline.read_history_file(histfile) except IOError: pass import atexit atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile) del os, histfile The following example extends the :class:`code.InteractiveConsole` class to support history save/restore. :: import code import readline import atexit import os class HistoryConsole(code.InteractiveConsole): def __init__(self, locals=None, filename="<console>", histfile=os.path.expanduser("~/.console-history")): code.InteractiveConsole.__init__(self, locals, filename) self.init_history(histfile) def init_history(self, histfile): readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete") if hasattr(readline, "read_history_file"): try: readline.read_history_file(histfile) except IOError: pass atexit.register(self.save_history, histfile) def save_history(self, histfile): readline.write_history_file(histfile)